Professor Calhoun advises, teaches independent study courses, and offers classes in different ASU Schools with which he is affiliated. He was previously honored for his teaching at UNC, NYU, and Columbia. He has also supervised the PhDs of 50 students, including faculty members at ASU, Amsterdam, Berkeley, Brown, CEU, Columbia, LSE, New Mexico, Northwestern, Santa Cruz, Texas, UCLA, Washington and other universities.

Calhoun has taught a wide variety of courses at all levels from first year undergraduate to PhD. These include:

Graduate: Classical Social Theory, History of Social Thought, Current Issues in Social Theory, Political Sociology, Comparative and Historical Sociology, Marx and Marxism, Nationalism (with Lloyd Kramer), Social Structure and Social Action, Social Theory and Cultural Diversity, Social Movements and Collective Action, Critical Social Theory, Stratification and Inequality, Writing and Publishing in Sociology, The Sociology of Culture, Contemporary Sociological Theory, Politics and Culture, The Sociology of Pierre Bourdieu, History of Sociology, Studying Science.

Undergraduate: Social Theory and Sociological Analysis, American Society, Introduction to Sociology, Personality and Socialization, Family and Society, Economic Development and Political Change, Socialism, Economy and Society, Cross-Cultural Relations (with Trudier Harris), Conversations with the West: Antiquity and the 19th Century, Contemporary Civilization, The Modern World-System: Past, Present, and Future (with Immanuel Wallerstein).